The Scarlet-breasted Bunting is a small passerine with vivid plumage. Males have bright red plumage on their heads, chests, and backs, while females and juveniles have more subdued colors tending toward olive-brown. It measures about 14–16 cm in length. It feeds mainly on seeds, shoots, and insects. Its calls are melodious, consisting of a series of sweet, repetitive chirps. During the breeding season, which runs from May to July, it builds its nest among the branches of shrubs or small trees.